Calidad de vida en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: percepción de padres e hijos / Quality of life in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: perception of parents and children

INTRODUCCIÓN: la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) es una dimensión relevante en la evaluación y consideración de los efectos de un tratamiento en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). El objetivo del estudio es analizar las diferencias entre la percepción de padres e hijos en la CVRS en casos TDAH tratados farmacológicamente (TDAH-T), casos no tratados (TDAH-N) y controles. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: muestra de 228 participantes entre 8 y 14 años (114 controles, 57 TDAH-T y 57 TDAH-N). Muestreo consecutivo de TDAH según DSM-IV (ADHD RS-IV) y muestreo aleatorio de controles emparejados por sexo y edad. Evaluación de CVRS mediante las diez dimensiones del KIDSCREEN-52 versión padres y versión hijos. RESULTADOS: en los controles existen diferencias significativas entre padres e hijos en tres de las diez dimensiones del KIDSCREEN-52 (autonomía, autopercepción y recursos económicos), en cuatro dimensiones en TDAH-T (bienestar psicológico, autopercepción, entorno escolar y recursos económicos) y en seis dimensiones en TDAH-N (bienestar psicológico y físico, estado de ánimo, autopercepción, entorno escolar y recursos económicos). En todas las dimensiones donde existen diferencias significativas los hijos perciben mejor CVRS que la atribuida por los padres, excepto en la dimensión económica que sucede a la inversa. No existen diferencias significativas entre padres e hijos en controles, TDAH-N o TDAH-T en las dimensiones de aceptación social, relación con padres y amigos. CONCLUSIONES: es necesario que en la evaluación que precede a cualquier intervención clínica se deban tener en cuenta las perspectivas de padres e hijos sobre la CVRS

INTRODUCTION: health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a relevant dimension in the evaluation and consideration of the effects of a treatment in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The objective of the study is to analyze the differences on the perception between parents and children in the HRQL in ADHD cases treated pharmacologically (ADHD-T), untreated cases (ADHD-N) and controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: sample of 228 participants between 8 and 14 years old (114 controls, 57 ADHD-T and 57 ADHD-N). Consecutive sampling of ADHD according to DSM-IV (ADHD Rating Scales IV) and random sampling of controls matched by sex and age. HRQL assessment using the ten dimensions of the KIDSCREEN-52 parent version and child version. RESULTS: there are significant differences between parents/children in three out of ten dimensions of KIDSCREEN-52 (autonomy, self-perception, and financial resources), in four ADHD-T dimensions (psychological well-being, self-perception, school environment, and financial resources), and in six ADHD-N dimensions (psychological and physical well-being, mood, self-perception, school environment and financial resources) in controls. Children perceive HRQL better than parents in all dimensions with significant differences, except for economic dimension (the opposite). There are no significant differences between parents/children in controls, ADHD-N or ADHD-T in the dimensions of social acceptance, relationship with parents and friends. CONCLUSIONS: it is necessary to take into account the perspectives of parents and children regarding HRQL in the evaluation preceding any clinical intervention

Percepción de niños y adolescentes sobre la calidad de vida en casos de trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad con y sin tratamiento farmacológico y en controles / Children's and adolescents' perception of their quality of life in cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without pharmacological treatment and in controls

Introducción. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud percibida por niños y adolescentes es un factor importante para valorar los efectos de una intervención terapéutica. Objetivo. Analizar la calidad de vida comparando casos con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) tratados farmacológicamente con metilfenidato, casos no tratados y controles. Sujetos y métodos. Muestra de 228 participantes de 8-14 años. Muestreo consecutivo de casos de TDAH según los criterios del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, cuarta edición, y muestreo aleatorio de controles emparejados por sexo, edad y zona sociodemográfica. Evaluación de la calidad de vida mediante el KIDSCREEN-52 (versión niños y adolescentes). Para responder al objetivo se utilizó ANOVA con corrección de Bonferroni. Resultados. Observamos una correlación significativa moderada entre mayor intensidad de síntomas de TDAH y peor calidad de vida, excepto en el bienestar físico. Los casos de TDAH no tratados tienen significativamente peor calidad de vida que los controles en bienestar psíquico, autonomía, estado de ánimo, entorno escolar y aceptación social. Los casos de TDAH tratados observan similares resultados excepto en el entorno escolar y el bienestar psíquico, que no presentan diferencias significativas con los controles. Los casos de TDAH tratados por comparación con los de TDAH no tratados sólo presentan significativamente mejor calidad de vida en el entorno escolar. Conclusión. Los casos de TDAH presentan dimensiones del KIDSCREEN-52 con peor calidad de vida que los controles y los casos de TDAH tratados con metilfenidato sólo se diferencian significativamente de los no tratados porque presentan mejores resultados en el entorno escolar

Introduction. Health-related quality of life perceived by children and teenagers is important to assess the effects of therapeutic intervention. Aim: To analyze quality of life, comparing cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with methylphenidate, untreated cases and controls. Subjects and methods: Sampling of 228 participants between 8 and 14 years-old. Consecutive sampling in ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria (ADHD Rating Scales IV) and random sampling of matched controls by sex and age. Evaluation of quality of life using KIDSCREEN-52 (children version). ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used. Results: There is a moderate significant correlation between greater intensity of ADHD symptoms and worse quality of life, except in the dimension of physical well-being. Cases of untreated ADHD have significantly worse quality of life than controls on psychic well-being, mood, autonomy school environment and social acceptance. Cases of treated ADHD present similar results, except in the school environment and psychological well-being. The cases of ADHD treated only differ significantly from ADHD not treated in having a better school environment. Conclusions: The cases of ADHD present dimensions of KIDSCREEN-52 with worse quality of life than controls and the cases of ADHD treated with methylphenidate only differ significantly from those not treated in presenting better results in the school environment

Criterion validity and clinical usefulness of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale IV in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a function of method and age.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research is to analyze Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales IV (ADHD RS-IV) criteria validity and its clinical usefulness for the assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a function of assessment method and age. METHODOLOGY: A sample was obtained from an epidemiological study (n = 1095, 6-16 years). Clinical cases of ADHD (ADHD-CL) were selected by dimensional ADHD RS-IV and later by clinical interview (DSM-IV). ADHD-CL cases were compared with four categorical results of ADHD RS-IV provided by parents (CATPA), teachers (CATPR), either parents or teachers (CATPAOPR) and both parents and teachers (CATPA&PR). Criterion validity and clinical usefulness of the answer modalities to ADHD RS-IV were studied. RESULTS: ADHD-CL rate was 6.9% in childhood, 6.2% in preadolescence and 6.9% in adolescence. Alternative methods to the clinical interview led to increased numbers of ADHD cases in all age groups analyzed, in the following sequence: CATPAOPR> CATPRO> CATPA> CATPA&PR> ADHD-CL. CATPA&PR was the procedure with the greatest validity, specificity and clinical usefulness in all three age groups, particularly in the childhood. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated use of ADHD RS-IV leads to an increase in ADHD cases compared to clinical interview, and varies depending on the procedure used.

Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a sample of Spanish children between six and sixteen years: teacher’s report.

INTRODUCTION: Our main objective is to study the prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in school children aged 6-16 years of an autonomous region of Spain (Castile and Leon), according to reports from the teachers and to analyze the impact of the disorder on academic performance and school behavior. METHODS: Population study with stratified multistage, proportional and cluster design sample. Sample analyzed: 1,049. Cases were defined according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. RESULTS: An overall prevalence rate of 4.2% was found, this being significantly higher in males (5.7%) compared to females (2.6%) and in rural (6.8%) than in urban areas (3%). No significant differences by grade or type of school were found. ODD prevalence without considering functional impairment would increase to 5.1%. ODD cases have significantly worse academic outcomes (overall academic performance, reading, math and writing) and entail worse classroom behavior (relationship with peers, respect for rules, organizational skills, academic tasks and disruption of the class). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the prevalence, early onset, persistence of symptoms and social and academic dysfunction of ODD, early diagnosis and preventive intervention are necessary.

Prevalencia del Trastorno Negativista Desafiante en una muestra de niños españoles entre seis y dieciséis años: informe del profesor / Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a sample of Spanish children between six and sixteen years: teacher’s report

Introducción. Nuestro objetivo principal es estudiar la prevalencia del Trastorno Negativista Desafiante (TND) en escolares de 6 a 16 años de una Comunidad Autónoma de España (Castilla y León) según informes del profesorado y analizar la repercusión del trastorno en resultados académicos y conducta escolar. Metodología. Estudio poblacional con diseño muestral polietápico estratificado, proporcional y por conglomerados. Muestra analizada: 1.049. Casos definidos según criterios DSM-IV-TR. Resultados. La prevalencia de TND es 4,2%. La prevalencia es significativamente superior en sexo masculino (5,7%), respecto al femenino (2,6%) y en zona rural (6,8%) respecto a urbana (3%). No existen diferencias significativas en función del curso o colegio público/privado. La prevalencia de TND sin considerar deterioro funcional aumentaría al 5,1%. Los casos de TND según informes de profesores presentan significativamente peores resultados académicos (resultados globales, lectura, matemáticas y expresión escrita) y peor conducta en clase (relación con compañeros, respeto a normas, destrezas organizativas, realización de tareas académicas e interrupciones de clase). Conclusiones. En función de la prevalencia, inicio precoz, persistencia de síntomas y disfunción social y escolar del TND, es necesario un diagnóstico temprano e intervención preventiva

Introduction. Our main objective is to study the prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in school children aged 6-16 years of an autonomous region of Spain (Castile and Leon), according to reports from the teachers and to analyze the impact of the disorder on academic performance and school behavior. Methods. Population study with stratified multistage, proportional and cluster design sample. Sample analyzed: 1,049. Cases were defined according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Results. An overall prevalence rate of 4.2% was found, this being significantly higher in males (5.7%) compared to females (2.6%) and in rural (6.8%) than in urban areas (3%). No significant differences by grade or type of school were found. ODD prevalence without considering functional impairment would increase to 5.1%. ODD cases have significantly worse academic outcomes (overall academic performance, reading, math and writing) and entail worse classroom behavior (relationship with peers, respect for rules, organizational skills, academic tasks and disruption of the class). Conclusions. Based on the prevalence, early onset, persistence of symptoms and social and academic dysfunction of ODD, early diagnosis and preventive intervention are necessary